Which neurotransmitter levels are often found to be altered in individuals with depression?

Individuals with depression frequently exhibit alterations in the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. Serotonin is crucial for regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and overall emotional well-being, while norepinephrine is involved in attention, response actions, and the regulation of arousal. A deficiency in these neurotransmitters is associated with depressive symptoms, which is why many antidepressants focus on increasing the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.

The link between serotonin and depression has been extensively studied, leading to the development of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a common class of antidepressants. Norepinephrine's role is equally critical, as its dysfunction can contribute to both mood disturbances and cognitive impairments often found in depressive states.

Understanding the significance of these neurotransmitters is essential for comprehending the biological underpinnings of depression, guiding both diagnosis and treatment strategies.